1978 World Chess Championship
Anatoly Karpov (USSR) vs. Viktor Korchnoi (Stateless)
Baguio City, Phillipines
July 18 - October 18, 1978

Conditions:  First to win 6 Games.







  

    The_Philipines,_1978
    
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    Score__________
    
  




  

    Karpov
    
    ½
             
    ½
             
    ½
             
    ½
             
    ½
             
    ½
             
    ½
             
    1
             
    ½
             
    ½
             
    0
             
    ½
             
    1
             
    1
             
    ½
             
    ½
             
    1
             
    ½
             
    ½
             
    ½
             
    0
             
    ½
             
    ½
             
    ½
             
    ½
             
    ½
             
    1
             
    0
             
    0
             
    ½
             
    0
             
    1
             
    
    
    6 (w/21 draws)
    
  




  

    Korchnoi
    
    ½
             
    ½
             
    ½
             
    ½
             
    ½
             
    ½
             
    ½
             
    0
             
    ½
             
    ½
             
    1
             
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    0
             
    0
             
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    0
             
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    5 (w/21 draws)
    
  




Result:  Anatoly Karpov retains the World Title.

  • Karpov's FIDE Rating going in was 2725, Korchnoi's was 2665.

  • FOCUS ON: The Rematch Clause

  • The Rematch Clause, which existed (and was invoked) in Cycles 3 and 4, but was stricken beginning with Cycle 5, was reinstated for this match. This was a very controversial decision, in light of Fischer's resignation of the world title in 1974, and it has been claimed ever since by Lev Alburt, Larry Evans, et al, that Karpov was granted more priviliges than Fischer ever asked for. In light of the controversial nature of the rules, it might be in order to take a look at how the rules for the 1978 championship match came about, and how they compare to Fischer's proposed rules for 1975.

  • First as a quick refresher, there are two basic types of chess matches: Limited and Unlimited. A Limited Match is limited to a certain number of games (Best of 20, Best of 24, et cetera). An Unlimited Match is played until one player has a certain number of wins (First to 6 Wins, First to 8 Wins, First to 10 Wins, et cetera) no matter how many games it takes to achieve this. All Previous FIDE World Championship matches before 1978 had been Best of 24.

  • Conversely, there are also two basic types of "champion's advantage" that may be employed: an automatic rematch, and draw odds. All the previous FIDE World Championship Best of 24 matches had had draw odds, with the champion retaining the title in the event of a 12-12 tie. The 1957 and 1960 matches had given the defending champion the right to a rematch a year later in the event of his defeat. The 1963, 1966, 1969 and 1972 matches had no rematch clause. The 1951 and 1954 matches had a different rule. No rematch, but in the event that the champion lost, he would have the right to join the new champion and the new challenger three years later in a triangular match for the world title. This never occurred, however a match for the Women's World Championship was conducted under these conditions in 1955/6 between Elizabeth Bykova, Olga Rubtsova and Ludmilla Rudenko.

  • A general rule of thumb in matches for the World Championship has been that Unlimited Matches have draw odds for the defending champion, but Unlimited Matches do not. One reason for this is that it's impossible for an Unlimited Match to end in a tie unless some special rule is inserted to allow it. If a match goes to the first player to win 8 games, it's impossible for both players to win their 8th game simultaneously.

  • However, on occasion, Unlimited Matches had been played with a such a "special rule" added to allow for a drawn match. Two examples are the 1890 Gunsberg-Tchigorin Match, and the 1893 Tarrasch-Tchigorin Match which, although for 10 Wins, had a provision that if the score reached 9-9, that the match would be drawn, without either player being able to try for the 10th and final win (and in fact, both matches did end in 9-9 ties). An upshot of this rule is that, since a 10-9 victory is impossible, the minimum margin of victory for either player is 2 points (10-8). It was rules exactly like this that Fischer had wanted to play under in 1975.

  • However, in a match such as Gunsberg-Tchigorin (i.e. a match with no title at stake), the 9-9 rule affected both players equally. When a title is at stake the rule means that the champion need only break even to retain the title, but the challenger must win by 2 to gain it. It's because this was regarded as too large of a handicap, that Fischer's request for a 9-9 tie clause was not granted.

  • Has there ever been a World Championship match in which the challenger was required to win by 2 points to win the title? This is debatable, but the answer seems to be probably not. The 1886 Steinitz-Zukertort match was played under "Fischer's Rules", but the 9-9 tie clause in this match affected both players equally. Had that match been drawn, the title would have been considered vacant. There have been constant rumors about the 1910 Lasker-Schlechter match, but the smoking gun proving that Schlechter was required to win by 2 has never been found. Negotiations between Lasker and Capablanca broke down in 1911, partially over this question (Lasker had wanted the challenger to have to win by 2, Capablanca regarded it as unfair). And there have been rumors that the 1927 Capablanca-Alekhine match had a 5-5 tie clause, though the preponderance of evidence seems to indicate that it didn't (A more detailed discussion of this question can be found at chesshistory.com. In short, there are no examples of World Championship matches where it can be proven that the Challenger had been required to win by 2.

  • So, in 1975, Fischer was denied a 9-9 tie clause. In 1978, Karpov was granted a rematch clause. Which is the bigger advantage? Larry Evans (who has condemned both), is on record many times as saying that Karpov's rematch clause is bigger than Fischer's 9-9. He rarely goes into any detail as to why this is so, but there was one time when he did: In his January 1979 column in Chess Life & Review, when he wrote: "Many observers, including me, felt that [the 9-9 clause] was unworthy of a champion to impose such a handicap on the challenger. And I want to go on record here as condemning Karpov's rematch clause just as strongly, for the reasons expressed by Kavalek last September."

  • One thing worth pointing out. The rematch clause is a bigger advantage in an unlimited match than it is in a limited one. To see why, let's compare the 1957 match (Limited) with the 1978 one (Unlimited). In both matches, the challenger had to win by 1 point to become champion. But to win a full three years as champion, Smyslov merely had to win the 1957 match by a single point, and then draw the second match 12-12 (for an aggregate +1 score). For Korchnoi in 1978 to have a full three years as champion, he would have had to win the 1978 match by at least 1 point (6-5), and then win the rematch by at least a point also (for an aggregate +2 score).

  • When looked at this way, Karpov's Rules do seem very similar to Fischer's. Both systems required the original challenger to score +2 against the original champion in order for him to be the defending champion 3 years later. The biggest difference seems to be that in Fischer's Rules, if the challenger ties 9-9, he's completely out in the cold. Too bad, so sad. Nothing to show for his troubles except to be another failed challenger. However, under Karpov's system, if the challenger "ties" (by winning the first match 6-5, and losing the second match by the same score for an aggregate 11-11 score), at least he goes down in history as a former World Champion, even if for only a year. In this sense, Karpov's Rules (though definitely unfair), seem to be less unfair than Fischer's Rules.

  • In any case, to find the source of Evans' claim that Karpov's Rules constitute a bigger handicap, we must look to Kavalek's words in September 1979:
    This time it is the rematch clause that makes the regulations absolutely ridiculous. For Karpov to meet a new challenger in 1981 in defense of the title FIDE handed him in 1975, all he needs to do is win six games—in the rematch. He doesn't need even a single win in the first match! Korchnoi, on the other hand, cannot be the defending world champion in 1981 even if he wins eleven games in both matches combined (six in the first): he must win twelve games. The favoring factor for the champion is thus 12:6, an incomparably more advantageous situation for Karpov than for any previous champion, and far more so than under Fischer's proposals.

  • Two rebuttals to Kavalek's argument appeared in the February 1979 issue, one written by a 2-time US Champion:

    TWO-PART MATCH?
             The USCF has performed a rare historical service by publishing Lubosh Kavalek's comments on the regulations which govern the 1978 world championship match ("FIDE Does It Again," September, page 473). For decades to come, this document will serve to illustrate the intellectual and moral level of organized chess in the United States.
             Mr. Kavalek's argument assumes that Karpov and Korchnoi are engaged in a two-part match for the 1981 world title. Is that the case? If it were, then Korchnoi would not be the world champion in the event that he won the match in Baguio City. Similarly, we would have to conclude that Dr. Euwe was never the world champion since in 1935 he won, so to speak, only one leg of a two-part match for the 1937 title. Such absurd conclusions should be sufficient to indicate that Mr. Kavalek's argument is severely misguided.
             More serious is Mr. Kavalek's recommendation: given the opportunity, Korchnoi should simply abscond with the title. One would have thought that Mr. Kavalek would be ashamed to admit it.
    [Name Deleted]
    Fairhaven, Massachusetts

    APPEAL TO REASON
             First I should like to congratulate Lubosh on winning the [1978 U.S.] championship, and for his play which I have always admired. However, his reply to Dr. Hunt puts me in mind of the old Talmudic scholars who could come up with any desired interpretation when expedient. So it was that after reading his article I became convinced that six was more than five, less than seven, yet in some vague way equal to twelve.          As for the question, "What is FIDE up to?" one might also ask with an equal lack of success, "What is Kavalek up to?" or "What is Denker up to?" More rewarding than searching for motives, which at best is highly speculative, would be to examine well-known facts. Here are just two.
             • Bobby Fischer has not played since winning the championship in spite of unbelievably lucrative offers.
             • The whole world would welcome his playing with or without FIDE.
             Now maybe you can tell us, "What is Bobby up to?" Would he play even if granted all his conditions?
             This is not written in defense of FIDE, with which I have many disagreements, but simply as an appeal to reason.
    Arnold Denker
    Ft. Lauderdale, Florida

  • Both valid points. Kavalek seems to have confused the difference between what is possible and what is required. Korchnoi in 1978 was not required to outscore Karpov by 6 points. He was only required to outscore him by 1 point to become champion for a year, and 2 points to become champion for 3 years. Nevertheless, there is some merit to what Kavalek says, and there would have been a decided absurdity if the scenario he suggests had actually happened. In fact, something similar did happen with Smyslov, who won the 1957 match by 3 points, lost the rematch by 2 points, and ended up title-less, despite outscoring Botvinnik by a point over the 2 matches. Dr. Euwe, the FIDE President in 1978, had tried to avoid this possibility by allowing the champion a rematch ONLY if he lost the first match by a score of 6-5, but was outvoted.

  • HOW THE REMATCH CLAUSE CAME ABOUT

  • After all this, one is forced to conclude that Karpov's Rules in 1978 are, if not worse than Fischer's Rules, then at least, nearly as bad. How then did they come about? How was the Rematch Clause reinstituted for Karpov? The Evil Influence of the Soviet Juggernaut? Yes, yes, there was some of that, but there's more to it than that. How many people know, for example, that the USCF and Fischer's former right-hand man, Ed Edmondson himself, were instrumental in helping Karpov get it? The sequence of events went something like this:

  • 1971: The FIDE Congress at Vancouver. Up to that point, all FIDE World Championship matches had been Best of 24, champion retains on a 12-12 tie. But for years (for reasons not worth going into here) Fischer had wanted a return to the Unlimited Match format, last seen in the 1937 Alekhine-Euwe match. It was too late to make changes for 1972, but at Fischer's urging, the Vancouver congress voted that the 1975 match would go to the first player to win 6 games, draws not counting. No tie clause, and no evidence that Fischer ever asked for one. (As challenger, Fischer had always publicly maintained that the champion should have no advantage). Source: Chess Life & Review, November, 1971.

  • June 1974: However, Fischer had not wanted 6 wins, he'd wanted 10. He continued urging FIDE to increase the Win Requirement to 10. On June 26, 1974, the FIDE Congress at Nice voted to do this, however they also voted to Limit the match to a maximum of 36 games (Which sort of defeated the whole point. Since the match was no longer Unlimited, there was no requirement to win any games at all, but merely an option to do so). One day later, Fischer resigned the world title by telegram. A side-effect of limiting the match is that draw odds for the champion were subtly re-introduced (in the event of an 18-18 score). Source: Chess Life & Review, October, 1974.

  • October 1974: In conversations with Ed Edmondson, Fischer agreed that if he could have the tie clause handicap this one time, that he wouldn't ask for it in future matches. Edmondson floats possible compromise positions to Bobby, including a proposal by Euwe, that in the event of a 9-9 tie, the match will continue for another 10 games, with the leader at the end of that time declared the winner (with champion retaining in case of a draw). Fischer rejects all compromises. Source: Chess Life & Review, August, 1975.

  • March 1975: Weeks before the deadline, FIDE called an Extraordinary General Assembly, to try to get Fischer to retract his resignation. They voted to make the match unlimited again, and to set the Win Requirement at 10, rather than 6, as Fischer wanted, but refused to give him the 9-9 tie clause. Fischer declined to play, and the title passed to Karpov on April 3.

  • March 1976: FIDE met in Rome to discuss rules for the 1978 Championship Match. The rules in place after the March 1975 Assembly were the first to win 10 Games, with no limit and no tie clause. The Rome Congress drafted a set of rules which would keep the Unlimited Match, but reduce the Wins Requirement from 10 back to 6 (again, with no tie clause). Many people at this time wanted the Unlimited Match system to be tried in modern chess, feeling that it might reduce the number of draws (an idea dispelled after the 1984/5 match, but popular at the time). However, Karpov had no desire to play an Unlimited Match at all, and preferred to play under the old Best of 24 system. According to Chess Life & Review: "Mr. Karpov was interviewed in Belgrade and asked his opinion of the proposed Regulations for the 1978 World Championship Match. Speaking of the Bureau decisions of the previous week, Karpov stated: "I will not defend my title of these new tournament rules are adopted by FIDE." He made it clear that he insists upon a match with a 24-game limit, the Champion to retain the title in case of an equal score... What a situation! Here we have a second consecutive World Champion talking about "his" title, adopting a non-negotiable position, and threatening not to play unless FIDE obeys his command!" Source: Chess Life & Review, June, 1976

  • One very original rule that came out of the Rome Congress was the idea of giving the champion the minimal advantage of having the White pieces in the first game. This would eliminate the possibility of a scenario where the challenger won the match by a single point because he'd had one White more than the champion. This rule was actually approved at Rome, but then lost again by the time the 1978 Match actually rolled around.

  • October 1977: FIDE Congress at Caracas. Many possible proposals were floated. Karpov still wanted the old Best of 24 system, while Ed Edmondson and the USCF still wanted Fischer's Unlimited Match to be tried. According to Edmondson:
    There were six different proposals to choose from on the Caracas Agenda. Pearle Mann and I kept in mind the USCF Policy Board's expressed preference for a match to be decided on the basis of a given number of won games, with no drawn match advantage for the defending Champion. As I rather gleefully reminded several of our FIDE colleagues, the simplest way to achieve that would be to do nothing at Caracas. The 1978 World Championship Match would then have to be played under the conditions prescribed early in 1975. Namely, ten victories required, no limit to the number of games, and no drawn match possible.
         In fairness to Anatoly Karpov, I must insert here my impression that he honestly feels a match requiring ten wins for victory would be unnecessarily long and terribly exhausting, both physically and mentally. He feels that the same winner would emerge from a no-draw match requiring six wins, although he expressed beforehand a willingness to compromise on eight wins for the match proposed in 1975....
         Anatoly Karpov and Nona Gaprindashvili were both at Caracas, and within 48 hours of his arrival Karpov demonstrated one reason why he deserves to be World Champion - he can always come up with yet another variation. In private conversations, he stated that none of the six proposals on the Agenda - including that of the U.S.S.R. Chess Federation - struck him as the best. Rather than put a limit on the number of games, he asked, why not return to what was customary up until 1963, that is, have a rematch if the Championship changes hands? He saw no objection whatsoever to the Bureau's 1976 proposal if this rematch provision could be substituted for that giving the World Champion the White pieces in game one.
         Absolutely no one opposed this compromise when it was made from the floor by Dr. Tudela (Venezuela). The Central Committee recognized that it combined the best elements of all that had gone before. The exciting provision which requires a specific number of wins was maintained and the drawn-game and drawn-match possibilities eliminated. And if a rematch does result - twice as much publicity for chess!
    Source: Chess Life & Review, January 1978

  • Match Breakdown 
     #    White - Black      Locale       Date        ECO  Result
 1    Korchnoi - Karpov  Baguio City  07-18-1978  D58  ½-½ 
 2    Karpov - Korchnoi  Baguio City  07-20-1978  C82  ½-½ 
 3    Korchnoi - Karpov  Baguio City  07-22-1978  E42  ½-½ 
 4    Karpov - Korchnoi  Baguio City  07-25-1978  C82  ½-½ 
 5    Korchnoi - Karpov  Baguio City  07-27-1978  E42  ½-½ 
 6    Karpov - Korchnoi  Baguio City  07-29-1978  A29  ½-½ 
 7    Korchnoi - Karpov  Baguio City  08-01-1978  E47  ½-½ 
 8    Karpov - Korchnoi  Baguio City  08-03-1978  C80  1-0 
 9    Korchnoi - Karpov  Baguio City  08-05-1978  D37  ½-½ 
10    Karpov - Korchnoi  Baguio City  08-08-1978  C80  ½-½ 
11    Korchnoi - Karpov  Baguio City  08-10-1978  B20  1-0 
12    Karpov - Korchnoi  Baguio City  08-15-1978  C81  ½-½ 
13    Korchnoi - Karpov  Baguio City  08-17-1978  D53  0-1 
14    Karpov - Korchnoi  Baguio City  08-19-1978  C82  1-0 
15    Korchnoi - Karpov  Baguio City  08-22-1978  E05  ½-½ 
16    Karpov - Korchnoi  Baguio City  08-24-1978  C08  ½-½ 
17    Korchnoi - Karpov  Baguio City  08-26-1978  E47  0-1 
18    Karpov - Korchnoi  Baguio City  09-02-1978  B08  ½-½ 
19    Korchnoi - Karpov  Baguio City  09-07-1978  E06  ½-½ 
20    Karpov - Korchnoi  Baguio City  09-09-1978  B15  ½-½ 
21    Korchnoi - Karpov  Baguio City  09-12-1978  D37  1-0 
22    Karpov - Korchnoi  Baguio City  09-14-1978  C08  ½-½ 
23    Korchnoi - Karpov  Baguio City  09-16-1978  D37  ½-½ 
24    Karpov - Korchnoi  Baguio City  09-19-1978  C83  ½-½ 
25    Korchnoi - Karpov  Baguio City  09-23-1978  A22  ½-½ 
26    Karpov - Korchnoi  Baguio City  09-26-1978  A21  ½-½ 
27    Korchnoi - Karpov  Baguio City  09-28-1978  A29  0-1 
28    Karpov - Korchnoi  Baguio City  09-30-1978  C82  0-1 
29    Korchnoi - Karpov  Baguio City  10-07-1978  A19  1-0 
30    Karpov - Korchnoi  Baguio City  10-10-1978  A34  ½-½ 
31    Korchnoi - Karpov  Baguio City  10-12-1978  D36  1-0 
32    Karpov - Korchnoi  Baguio City  10-17-1978  A43  1-0
    [Event "Karpov - Korchnoi World Championship Match"] [Site "City of Baguio PHI"] [Date "1978.07.18"] [EventDate "?"] [Round "1"] [Result "1/2-1/2"] [White "Viktor Korchnoi"] [Black "Anatoly Karpov"] [ECO "D58"] [WhiteElo "?"] [BlackElo "?"] [PlyCount "36"] 1. c4 Nf6 2. Nc3 e6 3. Nf3 d5 4. d4 Be7 5. Bg5 h6 6. Bh4 O-O 7. e3 b6 8. Rc1 Bb7 9. Bd3 dxc4 10. Bxc4 Nbd7 11. O-O c5 12. dxc5 Nxc5 13. Qe2 a6 14. Rfd1 Qe8 15. a3 Nfe4 16. Nxe4 Nxe4 17. Bxe7 Qxe7 18. Nd4 Rfc8 1/2-1/2 [Event "Karpov - Korchnoi World Championship Match"] [Site "City of Baguio PHI"] [Date "1978.07.20"] [EventDate "?"] [Round "2"] [Result "1/2-1/2"] [White "Anatoly Karpov"] [Black "Viktor Korchnoi"] [ECO "C82"] [WhiteElo "?"] [BlackElo "?"] [PlyCount "57"] 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Nxe4 6. d4 b5 7. Bb3 d5 8. dxe5 Be6 9. c3 Bc5 10. Nbd2 O-O 11. Bc2 Bf5 12. Nb3 Bg4 13. Nxc5 Nxc5 14. Re1 d4 15. h3 Bh5 16. cxd4 Bxf3 17. Qxf3 Nxd4 18. Qc3 Qd5 19. Be3 Nxc2 20. Qxc2 Nd3 21. Red1 Rfd8 22. Qxc7 Qxe5 23. Qxe5 Nxe5 24. b3 f6 25. Bb6 Rxd1+ 26. Rxd1 Rc8 27. Rd2 h5 28. Be3 Kf7 29. f4 1/2-1/2 [Event "Karpov - Korchnoi World Championship Match"] [Site "City of Baguio PHI"] [Date "1978.07.22"] [EventDate "?"] [Round "3"] [Result "1/2-1/2"] [White "Viktor Korchnoi"] [Black "Anatoly Karpov"] [ECO "E42"] [WhiteElo "?"] [BlackElo "?"] [PlyCount "60"] 1. c4 Nf6 2. d4 e6 3. Nc3 Bb4 4. e3 c5 5. Nge2 cxd4 6. exd4 d5 7. c5 Ne4 8. Bd2 Nxd2 9. Qxd2 a5 10. a3 Bxc3 11. Nxc3 Bd7 12. Bd3 a4 13. O-O O-O 14. f4 g6 15. Kh1 Nc6 16. Bc2 Ne7 17. Rae1 b6 18. Rf3 Re8 19. Rfe3 Bc6 20. cxb6 Qxb6 21. g4 Qc7 22. f5 exf5 23. gxf5 Qd6 24. Rh3 Nxf5 25. Bxf5 gxf5 26. Rg1+ Kh8 27. Rh6 Re6 28. Rxe6 Qxe6 29. Qg5 Qg6 30. Qh4 Qe6 1/2-1/2 [Event "Karpov - Korchnoi World Championship Match"] [Site "City of Baguio PHI"] [Date "1978.07.25"] [EventDate "?"] [Round "4"] [Result "1/2-1/2"] [White "Anatoly Karpov"] [Black "Viktor Korchnoi"] [ECO "C82"] [WhiteElo "?"] [BlackElo "?"] [PlyCount "37"] 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Nxe4 6. d4 b5 7. Bb3 d5 8. dxe5 Be6 9. c3 Bc5 10. Nbd2 O-O 11. Bc2 Bf5 12. Nb3 Bg4 13. Nxc5 Nxc5 14. Re1 Bh5 15. h3 Re8 16. Bf4 Ne6 17. Bd2 Nc5 18. Bf4 Ne6 19. Bd2 1/2-1/2 [Event "Karpov - Korchnoi World Championship Match"] [Site "City of Baguio PHI"] [Date "1978.07.27"] [EventDate "?"] [Round "5"] [Result "1/2-1/2"] [White "Viktor Korchnoi"] [Black "Anatoly Karpov"] [ECO "E42"] [WhiteElo "?"] [BlackElo "?"] [PlyCount "247"] 1. c4 Nf6 2. d4 e6 3. Nc3 Bb4 4. e3 c5 5. Nge2 d5 6. a3 Bxc3+ 7. Nxc3 cxd4 8. exd4 dxc4 9. Bxc4 Nc6 10. Be3 O-O 11. O-O b6 12. Qd3 Bb7 13. Rad1 h6 14. f3 Ne7 15. Bf2 Nfd5 16. Ba2 Nf4 17. Qd2 Nfg6 18. Bb1 Qd7 19. h4 Rfd8 20. h5 Nf8 21. Bh4 f6 22. Ne4 Nd5 23. g4 Rac8 24. Bg3 Ba6 25. Rfe1 Rc6 26. Rc1 Ne7 27. Rxc6 Qxc6 28. Ba2 Qd7 29. Nd6 Bb7 30. Nxb7 Qxb7 31. Qe3 Kh8 32. Rc1 Nd5 33. Qe4 Qd7 34. Bb1 Qb5 35. b4 Qd7 36. Qd3 Qe7 37. Kf2 f5 38. gxf5 exf5 39. Re1 Qf6 40. Be5 Qh4+ 41. Bg3 Qf6 42. Rh1 Nh7 43. Be5 Qg5 44. Qxf5 Qd2+ 45. Kg3 Nhf6 46. Rg1 Re8 47. Be4 Ne7 48. Qh3 Rc8 49. Kh4 Rc1 50. Qg3 Rxg1 51. Qxg1 Kg8 52. Qg3 Kf7 53. Bg6+ Ke6 54. Qh3+ Kd5 55. Be4+ Nxe4 56. fxe4+ Kxe4 57. Qg4+ Kd3 58. Qf3+ Qe3 59. Kg4 Qxf3+ 60. Kxf3 g6 61. Bd6 Nf5 62. Kf4 Nh4 63. Kg4 gxh5+ 64. Kxh4 Kxd4 65. Bb8 a5 66. Bd6 Kc4 67. Kxh5 a4 68. Kxh6 Kb3 69. b5 Kc4 70. Kg5 Kxb5 71. Kf5 Ka6 72. Ke6 Ka7 73. Kd7 Kb7 74. Be7 Ka7 75. Kc7 Ka8 76. Bd6 Ka7 77. Kc8 Ka6 78. Kb8 b5 79. Bb4 Kb6 80. Kc8 Kc6 81. Kd8 Kd5 82. Ke7 Ke5 83. Kf7 Kd5 84. Kf6 Kd4 85. Ke6 Ke4 86. Bf8 Kd4 87. Kd6 Ke4 88. Bg7 Kf4 89. Ke6 Kf3 90. Ke5 Kg4 91. Bf6 Kh5 92. Kf5 Kh6 93. Bd4 Kh7 94. Kf6 Kh6 95. Be3+ Kh5 96. Kf5 Kh4 97. Bd2 Kg3 98. Bg5 Kf3 99. Bf4 Kg2 100. Bd6 Kf3 101. Bh2 Kg2 102. Bc7 Kf3 103. Bd6 Ke3 104. Ke5 Kf3 105. Kd5 Kg4 106. Kc5 Kf5 107. Kxb5 Ke6 108. Kc6 Kf6 109. Kd7 Kf7 110. Be7 Kg8 111. Ke6 Kg7 112. Bc5 Kg8 113. Kf6 Kh7 114. Kf7 Kh8 115. Bd4+ Kh7 116. Bb2 Kh6 117. Kg8 Kg6 118. Bg7 Kf5 119. Kf7 Kg5 120. Bb2 Kh6 121. Bc1+ Kh7 122. Bd2 Kh8 123. Bc3+ Kh7 124. Bg7 1/2-1/2 [Event "Karpov - Korchnoi World Championship Match"] [Site "City of Baguio PHI"] [Date "1978.07.29"] [EventDate "?"] [Round "6"] [Result "1/2-1/2"] [White "Anatoly Karpov"] [Black "Viktor Korchnoi"] [ECO "A29"] [WhiteElo "?"] [BlackElo "?"] [PlyCount "45"] 1. c4 e5 2. Nc3 Nf6 3. Nf3 Nc6 4. g3 Bb4 5. Bg2 O-O 6. O-O e4 7. Ne1 Bxc3 8. dxc3 h6 9. Nc2 Re8 10. Ne3 d6 11. Qc2 a5 12. a4 Qe7 13. Nd5 Nxd5 14. cxd5 Nb8 15. Be3 Bf5 16. h3 Nd7 17. c4 b6 18. Qc3 Nc5 19. b3 Qd7 20. Kh2 Re7 21. Bd4 f6 22. Rac1 Qe8 23. Qe3 1/2-1/2 [Event "Karpov - Korchnoi World Championship Match"] [Site "City of Baguio PHI"] [Date "1978.08.01"] [EventDate "?"] [Round "7"] [Result "1/2-1/2"] [White "Viktor Korchnoi"] [Black "Anatoly Karpov"] [ECO "E47"] [WhiteElo "?"] [BlackElo "?"] [PlyCount "83"] 1. d4 Nf6 2. c4 e6 3. Nc3 Bb4 4. e3 O-O 5. Bd3 c5 6. d5 b5 7. dxe6 fxe6 8. cxb5 Bb7 9. Nf3 d5 10. O-O Nbd7 11. Ne2 Qe8 12. Ng3 e5 13. Bf5 g6 14. Bh3 a6 15. Ng5 axb5 16. Ne6 c4 17. Bd2 Bc5 18. Nc7 Qe7 19. Nxa8 Rxa8 20. a3 Nb6 21. Qc2 Bc8 22. Bxc8 Rxc8 23. Ba5 Nbd7 24. Qd2 Bd6 25. Bb4 Nc5 26. Bxc5 Bxc5 27. Kh1 Qd6 28. Rad1 Kh8 29. Qc2 Qe6 30. Ne2 Qc6 31. h3 Re8 32. b4 Bb6 33. Qb2 Kg8 34. Rfe1 Kf7 35. Qc2 d4 36. Ng3 Rd8 37. exd4 exd4 38. Qd2 d3 39. Qh6 c3 40. Ne4 Nxe4 41. Qxh7+ Kf8 42. Qh8+ 1/2-1/2 [Event "Karpov - Korchnoi World Championship Match"] [Site "City of Baguio PHI"] [Date "1978.08.03"] [EventDate "?"] [Round "8"] [Result "1-0"] [White "Anatoly Karpov"] [Black "Viktor Korchnoi"] [ECO "C80"] [WhiteElo "?"] [BlackElo "?"] [PlyCount "55"] 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Nxe4 6. d4 b5 7. Bb3 d5 8. dxe5 Be6 9. Nbd2 Nc5 10. c3 g6 11. Qe2 Bg7 12. Nd4 Nxe5 13. f4 Nc4 14. f5 gxf5 15. Nxf5 Rg8 16. Nxc4 dxc4 17. Bc2 Nd3 18. Bh6 Bf8 19. Rad1 Qd5 20. Bxd3 cxd3 21. Rxd3 Qc6 22. Bxf8 Qb6+ 23. Kh1 Kxf8 24. Qf3 Re8 25. Nh6 Rg7 26. Rd7 Rb8 27. Nxf7 Bxd7 28. Nd8+ 1-0 [Event "Karpov - Korchnoi World Championship Match"] [Site "City of Baguio PHI"] [Date "1978.08.05"] [EventDate "?"] [Round "9"] [Result "1/2-1/2"] [White "Viktor Korchnoi"] [Black "Anatoly Karpov"] [ECO "D37"] [WhiteElo "?"] [BlackElo "?"] [PlyCount "82"] 1. c4 Nf6 2. Nc3 e6 3. Nf3 d5 4. d4 Be7 5. Bf4 O-O 6. e3 c5 7. dxc5 Bxc5 8. Qc2 Nc6 9. Rd1 Qa5 10. a3 Be7 11. Nd2 e5 12. Bg5 d4 13. Nb3 Qd8 14. Be2 h6 15. Bxf6 Bxf6 16. O-O Be6 17. Nc5 Qe7 18. Nxe6 Qxe6 19. Nd5 Rad8 20. Bd3 Ne7 21. Nxf6+ Qxf6 22. exd4 exd4 23. Rfe1 Rd7 24. Re4 Nc6 25. Qe2 g6 26. Re1 Kg7 27. b4 b6 28. Qg4 Rfd8 29. h4 h5 30. Qg3 Qd6 31. f4 Re7 32. Rxe7 Nxe7 33. Re5 a5 34. Rxh5 axb4 35. axb4 Qxb4 36. Rb5 Qd2 37. Kh2 Qe3 38. Rxb6 Ra8 39. Qxe3 dxe3 40. Rb2 Ra3 41. Be4 Rc3 1/2-1/2 [Event "Karpov - Korchnoi World Championship Match"] [Site "City of Baguio PHI"] [Date "1978.08.08"] [EventDate "?"] [Round "10"] [Result "1/2-1/2"] [White "Anatoly Karpov"] [Black "Viktor Korchnoi"] [ECO "C80"] [WhiteElo "?"] [BlackElo "?"] [PlyCount "87"] 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Nxe4 6. d4 b5 7. Bb3 d5 8. dxe5 Be6 9. Nbd2 Nc5 10. c3 d4 11. Ng5 dxc3 12. Nxe6 fxe6 13. bxc3 Qd3 14. Nf3 Qxd1 15. Bxd1 Be7 16. Be3 Nd3 17. Bb3 Kf7 18. Rad1 Ndxe5 19. Nxe5+ Nxe5 20. Bf4 Nc4 21. Bxc4 bxc4 22. Rd4 Bd6 23. Be3 Rhb8 24. Rxc4 Rb2 25. a4 Ra2 26. g3 Rb8 27. Rd1 Rbb2 28. Rdd4 Rb1+ 29. Kg2 Rba1 30. Rh4 h6 31. Bc5 e5 32. Ba7 Ke6 33. Rcg4 Be7 34. Rh5 Bf6 35. Rc4 Kd7 36. Bb8 c6 37. Re4 Rxa4 38. c4 Ra5 39. Bxe5 Bxe5 40. Rhxe5 Rxe5 41. Rxe5 Ra4 42. Re4 Ra5 43. h4 h5 44. Rf4 1/2-1/2 [Event "Karpov - Korchnoi World Championship Match"] [Site "City of Baguio PHI"] [Date "1978.08.10"] [EventDate "?"] [Round "11"] [Result "1-0"] [White "Viktor Korchnoi"] [Black "Anatoly Karpov"] [ECO "A07"] [WhiteElo "?"] [BlackElo "?"] [PlyCount "100"] 1. g3 c5 2. Bg2 Nc6 3. e4 g6 4. d3 Bg7 5. f4 d6 6. Nf3 Nf6 7. O-O O-O 8. c3 Rb8 9. Qe2 Ne8 10. Be3 Nc7 11. d4 cxd4 12. cxd4 Bg4 13. Rd1 d5 14. e5 Qd7 15. Nc3 Rfc8 16. Qf1 b5 17. h3 Bxf3 18. Bxf3 b4 19. Bg4 e6 20. Na4 Na5 21. Nc5 Qe8 22. Be2 Nb7 23. Nxb7 Rxb7 24. Rdc1 Qd7 25. Rc2 b3 26. axb3 Rxb3 27. Qc1 Rb7 28. Ba6 Rcb8 29. Bxb7 Rxb7 30. Ra3 h6 31. Rac3 Nb5 32. Rc8+ Kh7 33. R2c6 f6 34. Kg2 Qf7 35. Qc2 a5 36. g4 fxe5 37. fxe5 a4 38. Ra8 Na7 39. Ra6 Qe7 40. Rxa4 Rc7 41. Qb3 Nc6 42. Ra1 Nb4 43. Rc1 Rc4 44. Rb8 Rxc1 45. Bxc1 Qc7 46. Rxb4 Qxc1 47. Qd3 h5 48. Rb6 Bh6 49. gxh5 Qg5+ 50. Qg3 Qd2+ 1-0 [Event "Karpov - Korchnoi World Championship Match"] [Site "City of Baguio PHI"] [Date "1978.08.15"] [EventDate "?"] [Round "12"] [Result "1/2-1/2"] [White "Anatoly Karpov"] [Black "Viktor Korchnoi"] [ECO "C81"] [WhiteElo "?"] [BlackElo "?"] [PlyCount "88"] 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Nxe4 6. d4 b5 7. Bb3 d5 8. dxe5 Be6 9. Qe2 Be7 10. Rd1 O-O 11. c4 bxc4 12. Bxc4 Bc5 13. Be3 Bxe3 14. Qxe3 Qb8 15. Bb3 Na5 16. Ne1 Qb6 17. Qxb6 cxb6 18. f3 Nxb3 19. axb3 Nc5 20. b4 Nd7 21. Nd3 g5 22. Nc3 Rfc8 23. Nf2 d4 24. Ne2 d3 25. Nxd3 Bc4 26. Ng3 Bxd3 27. Rxd3 Nxe5 28. Rd5 Ng6 29. Rxg5 Rc2 30. b3 Rb2 31. Nf5 Rxb3 32. h4 Kf8 33. h5 Ne7 34. Nxe7 Kxe7 35. Re1+ Kf8 36. Re4 a5 37. Reg4 Ke7 38. bxa5 Rxa5 39. h6 Rxg5 40. Rxg5 b5 41. Rg7 Rb1+ 42. Kh2 Rd1 43. Rxh7 Rd8 44. Rg7 Rh8 1/2-1/2 [Event "Karpov - Korchnoi World Championship Match"] [Site "City of Baguio PHI"] [Date "1978.08.17"] [EventDate "?"] [Round "13"] [Result "0-1"] [White "Viktor Korchnoi"] [Black "Anatoly Karpov"] [ECO "D37"] [WhiteElo "?"] [BlackElo "?"] [PlyCount "122"] 1. c4 Nf6 2. Nc3 e6 3. Nf3 d5 4. d4 Be7 5. Bg5 h6 6. Bh4 O-O 7. Rc1 b6 8. Bxf6 Bxf6 9. cxd5 exd5 10. g3 c6 11. Bg2 Bf5 12. O-O Qd6 13. e3 Nd7 14. Ne1 Rfe8 15. Nd3 g6 16. Nf4 Bg7 17. g4 Be6 18. h3 Nf8 19. Nxe6 Nxe6 20. Qd3 Rad8 21. Rc2 Nc7 22. Na4 Qd7 23. b3 Re6 24. Nc3 Rd6 25. b4 Bf8 26. Ne2 b5 27. Qb3 Na8 28. a4 bxa4 29. Qxa4 Nb6 30. Qb3 Rb8 31. Nf4 Nc4 32. Qa4 f5 33. gxf5 Qxf5 34. Qxa7 Rxb4 35. Ra2 Qc8 36. Rc1 Rb7 37. Qa4 Rf7 38. Rxc4 dxc4 39. Qxc4 Qf5 40. Nd3 Bg7 41. Ra7 Rdf6 42. Rxf7 Rxf7 43. d5 Be5 44. dxc6 Kg7 45. Be4 Qg5+ 46. Kf1 Bd6 47. Bd5 Re7 48. Bf3 h5 49. Bd1 Qf5 50. Ke2 Re4 51. Qc3+ Qf6 52. Qb3 Qf5 53. Qb7+ Re7 54. Qb2+ Kh7 55. Qd4 Bc7 56. Qh4 Re4 57. f4 Bb6 58. Bc2 Rxe3+ 59. Kd2 Qa5+ 60. Kd1 Qa1+ 61. Kd2 Re4 0-1 [Event "Karpov - Korchnoi World Championship Match"] [Site "City of Baguio PHI"] [Date "1978.08.19"] [EventDate "?"] [Round "14"] [Result "1-0"] [White "Anatoly Karpov"] [Black "Viktor Korchnoi"] [ECO "C82"] [WhiteElo "?"] [BlackElo "?"] [PlyCount "99"] 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Nxe4 6. d4 b5 7. Bb3 d5 8. dxe5 Be6 9. c3 Bc5 10. Nbd2 O-O 11. Bc2 Bf5 12. Nb3 Bg4 13. h3 Bh5 14. g4 Bg6 15. Bxe4 dxe4 16. Nxc5 exf3 17. Bf4 Qxd1 18. Raxd1 Nd8 19. Rd7 Ne6 20. Nxe6 fxe6 21. Be3 Rac8 22. Rfd1 Be4 23. Bc5 Rfe8 24. R7d4 Bd5 25. b3 a5 26. Kh2 Ra8 27. Kg3 Ra6 28. h4 Rc6 29. Rxd5 exd5 30. Rxd5 Rce6 31. Bd4 c6 32. Rc5 Rf8 33. a4 bxa4 34. bxa4 g6 35. Rxa5 Ree8 36. Ra7 Rf7 37. Ra6 Rc7 38. Bc5 Rcc8 39. Bd6 Ra8 40. Rxc6 Rxa4 41. Kxf3 h5 42. gxh5 gxh5 43. c4 Ra7 44. Rb6 Kf7 45. c5 Ra4 46. c6 Ke6 47. c7 Kd7 48. Rb8 Rc8 49. Ke3 Rxh4 50. e6+ 1-0 [Event "Karpov - Korchnoi World Championship Match"] [Site "City of Baguio PHI"] [Date "1978.08.22"] [EventDate "?"] [Round "15"] [Result "1/2-1/2"] [White "Viktor Korchnoi"] [Black "Anatoly Karpov"] [ECO "D37"] [WhiteElo "?"] [BlackElo "?"] [PlyCount "49"] 1. c4 Nf6 2. Nc3 e6 3. Nf3 d5 4. d4 Be7 5. g3 O-O 6. Bg2 dxc4 7. Ne5 Nc6 8. Bxc6 bxc6 9. Nxc6 Qe8 10. Nxe7+ Qxe7 11. Qa4 c5 12. Qxc4 cxd4 13. Qxd4 e5 14. Qh4 Rb8 15. Bg5 Rxb2 16. O-O Qe6 17. Bxf6 Qxf6 18. Qxf6 gxf6 19. Rab1 Rxb1 20. Rxb1 Be6 21. f3 Rc8 22. Rc1 Rb8 23. Rc2 Rc8 24. Kf2 Bxa2 25. Rxa2 1/2-1/2 [Event "Karpov - Korchnoi World Championship Match"] [Site "City of Baguio PHI"] [Date "1978.08.24"] [EventDate "?"] [Round "16"] [Result "1/2-1/2"] [White "Anatoly Karpov"] [Black "Viktor Korchnoi"] [ECO "C07"] [WhiteElo "?"] [BlackElo "?"] [PlyCount "101"] 1. e4 e6 2. d4 d5 3. Nd2 c5 4. exd5 exd5 5. Bb5+ Bd7 6. Qe2+ Qe7 7. Bxd7+ Nxd7 8. dxc5 Nxc5 9. Nb3 Qxe2+ 10. Nxe2 Nxb3 11. axb3 Bc5 12. Bd2 Ne7 13. Nf4 O-O 14. O-O Rfd8 15. Nd3 Bb6 16. c3 f6 17. Rfd1 Kf7 18. Kf1 Nf5 19. Be1 Ne7 20. Nb4 Rd7 21. Rd3 Rad8 22. Rad1 Ke6 23. Bd2 Nc6 24. Nxc6 bxc6 25. b4 Kf7 26. Be3 Bxe3 27. Rxe3 Rb8 28. Re2 Rb5 29. Ra1 Rdb7 30. Rd2 Ke6 31. Ra6 R5b6 32. Ra2 Kd6 33. Ke2 Re7+ 34. Kd3 a6 35. Rd1 Kc7 36. Raa1 Kd8 37. f3 Re5 38. Kd4 Kc7 39. Re1 Kd6 40. f4 Rxe1 41. Rxe1 a5 42. bxa5 {At this point the game was interrupted. Korchnoi sealed 42...Rxb2 and proposed a draw, which was accepted the following morning. - Tal & Bjelica: "Report from Baguio" (1979).} Rxb2 43. Ra1 c5+ 44. Ke3 Kc7 45. a6 Kb8 46. Ra5 Rxg2 47. Rxc5 Rxh2 48. Rxd5 Rg2 49. Kf3 Rg1 50. Kf2 Rg4 51. Kf3 1/2-1/2 [Event "Karpov - Korchnoi World Championship Match"] [Site "City of Baguio PHI"] [Date "1978.08.26"] [EventDate "?"] [Round "17"] [Result "0-1"] [White "Viktor Korchnoi"] [Black "Anatoly Karpov"] [ECO "E47"] [WhiteElo "?"] [BlackElo "?"] [PlyCount "78"] 1.c4 Nf6 2.Nc3 e6 3.d4 Bb4 4.e3 O-O 5.Bd3 c5 6.d5 b5 7.dxe6 fxe6 8.cxb5 a6 9.Ne2 d5 10.O-O e5 11.a3 axb5 12.Bxb5 Bxc3 13.bxc3 Ba6 14.Rb1 Qd6 15.c4 d4 16.Ng3 Nc6 17.a4 Na5 18.Qd3 Qe6 19.exd4 cxd4 20.c5 Rfc8 21.f4 Rxc5 22.Bxa6 Qxa6 23.Qxa6 Rxa6 24.Ba3 Rd5 25.Nf5 Kf7 26.fxe5 Rxe5 27.Rb5 Nc4 28.Rb7+ Ke6 29.Nxd4+ Kd5 30.Nf3 Nxa3 31.Nxe5 Kxe5 32.Re7+ Kd4 33.Rxg7 Nc4 34.Rf4+ Ne4 35.Rd7+ Ke3 36.Rf3+ Ke2 37.Rxh7 Ncd2 38.Ra3 Rc6 39.Ra1 Nf3+ 0-1 [Event "Karpov - Korchnoi World Championship Match"] [Site "City of Baguio PHI"] [Date "1978.09.02"] [EventDate "?"] [Round "18"] [Result "1/2-1/2"] [White "Anatoly Karpov"] [Black "Viktor Korchnoi"] [ECO "B08"] [WhiteElo "?"] [BlackElo "?"] [PlyCount "128"] 1. e4 d6 2. d4 Nf6 3. Nc3 g6 4. Nf3 Bg7 5. Be2 O-O 6. O-O Bg4 7. Be3 Nc6 8. Qd3 e5 9. d5 Nb4 10. Qd2 a5 11. h3 Bd7 12. Bg5 Qe8 13. Nh2 Kh8 14. a3 Na6 15. Bh6 Bxh6 16. Qxh6 Ng8 17. Qe3 f5 18. exf5 Bxf5 19. Rac1 Nf6 20. g4 Bd7 21. f4 exf4 22. Qxf4 Nc5 23. Rce1 Nfe4 24. Qe3 Qe5 25. Nxe4 Nxe4 26. Bf3 Ng5 27. Qxe5+ dxe5 28. Bg2 Rxf1+ 29. Nxf1 Re8 30. Nd2 a4 31. Re3 Kg7 32. Kf2 Re7 33. c4 b6 34. Rc3 h5 35. Kg3 hxg4 36. hxg4 Be8 37. c5 bxc5 38. Ne4 Nxe4+ 39. Bxe4 Kf6 40. Rxc5 Kg5 41. Bd3 Rf7 42. Be2 Rh7 43. Bf3 Rf7 44. Rc4 Rh7 45. Rb4 Re7 46. Kf2 Bd7 47. Kg3 Be8 48. Kf2 Bd7 49. Ke3 e4 50. Bxe4 Kxg4 51. Kf2 Kg5 52. Bc2 Re5 53. Bxa4 Bxa4 54. Rxa4 Rxd5 55. Ke3 Rb5 56. b4 Re5+ 57. Kd4 Kf4 58. Ra8 g5 59. Rc8 Re4+ 60. Kd5 Re5+ 61. Kc6 g4 62. Rxc7 g3 63. Kb6 g2 64. Rc1 Kf3 1/2-1/2 [Event "Karpov - Korchnoi World Championship Match"] [Site "City of Baguio PHI"] [Date "1978.09.07"] [EventDate "?"] [Round "19"] [Result "1/2-1/2"] [White "Viktor Korchnoi"] [Black "Anatoly Karpov"] [ECO "E06"] [WhiteElo "?"] [BlackElo "?"] [PlyCount "77"] 1. c4 Nf6 2. g3 e6 3. Bg2 d5 4. Nf3 Be7 5. d4 O-O 6. Nbd2 b6 7. O-O Bb7 8. cxd5 exd5 9. Ne5 Nbd7 10. Ndf3 c5 11. b3 a5 12. Bb2 Ne4 13. Rc1 Re8 14. Nxd7 Qxd7 15. Ne5 Qe6 16. Nd3 Bd6 17. dxc5 bxc5 18. e3 a4 19. bxa4 Ba6 20. Re1 Bxd3 21. Qxd3 Rxa4 22. Qb3 Raa8 23. Bxe4 dxe4 24. Qxe6 Rxe6 25. a3 Ra4 26. Red1 f6 27. Kf1 Kf7 28. Rc2 Be7 29. Rd7 Rb6 30. g4 Ke6 31. Rc7 Ra8 32. Rd2 g6 33. Kg2 f5 34. g5 Rd6 35. Rc2 Rda6 36. h4 R8a7 37. Rc8 Ra8 38. Rc7 R8a7 39. Rc8 1/2-1/2 [Event "Karpov - Korchnoi World Championship Match"] [Site "City of Baguio PHI"] [Date "1978.09.09"] [EventDate "?"] [Round "20"] [Result "1/2-1/2"] [White "Anatoly Karpov"] [Black "Viktor Korchnoi"] [ECO "B15"] [WhiteElo "?"] [BlackElo "?"] [PlyCount "126"] 1. e4 c6 2. d4 d5 3. Nd2 dxe4 4. Nxe4 Nf6 5. Nxf6+ exf6 6. Bc4 Nd7 7. Ne2 Bd6 8. O-O O-O 9. Bf4 Nb6 10. Bd3 Be6 11. c3 Nd5 12. Bxd6 Qxd6 13. Qd2 Rad8 14. Rfe1 g6 15. Rad1 Kg7 16. Be4 Nc7 17. b3 Rfe8 18. Bb1 Bg4 19. h3 Bxe2 20. Rxe2 Rxe2 21. Qxe2 Nd5 22. Qd2 Nf4 23. Be4 f5 24. Bf3 h6 25. h4 Ne6 26. Qe3 Nc7 27. c4 f4 28. Qc3 Qf6 29. Qa5 Ne6 30. d5 cxd5 31. cxd5 b6 32. Qa4 Nc5 33. Qxa7 Nd7 34. d6 Qxh4 35. Qc7 Qf6 36. b4 h5 37. a4 Kh6 38. b5 g5 39. Bc6 Nc5 40. d7 Kg7 41. Re1 Ne6 42. Qd6 g4 43. Kf1 g3 44. Qe5 h4 45. a5 bxa5 46. b6 Qxe5 47. Rxe5 Rb8 48. b7 Nd8 49. Re8 Kf6 50. fxg3 fxg3 51. Ke2 Kg7 52. Bf3 a4 53. Re4 Kf6 54. Rxa4 Ke7 55. Rxh4 Kxd7 56. Rf4 Kd6 57. Rb4 Kc7 58. Rc4+ Kd7 59. Bg4+ Ke8 60. Re4+ Kf8 61. Bd7 Rxb7 62. Re8+ Kg7 63. Rxd8 Rb2+ 1/2-1/2 [Event "Karpov - Korchnoi World Championship Match"] [Site "City of Baguio PHI"] [Date "1978.09.12"] [EventDate "?"] [Round "21"] [Result "1-0"] [White "Viktor Korchnoi"] [Black "Anatoly Karpov"] [ECO "D37"] [WhiteElo "?"] [BlackElo "?"] [PlyCount "119"] 1. c4 Nf6 2. Nc3 e6 3. Nf3 d5 4. d4 Be7 5. Bf4 O-O 6. e3 c5 7. dxc5 Bxc5 8. Qc2 Nc6 9. Rd1 Qa5 10. a3 Re8 11. Nd2 e5 12. Bg5 Nd4 13. Qb1 Bf5 14. Bd3 e4 15. Bc2 Nxc2+ 16. Qxc2 Qa6 17. Bxf6 Qxf6 18. Nb3 Bd6 19. Rxd5 Re5 20. Nd4 Rc8 21. Rxe5 Qxe5 22. Nxf5 Qxf5 23. O-O Rxc4 24. Rd1 Qe5 25. g3 a6 26. Qb3 b5 27. a4 Rb4 28. Qd5 Qxd5 29. Rxd5 Bf8 30. axb5 a5 31. Rd8 Rxb2 32. Ra8 f5 33. Rxa5 Bb4 34. Ra8+ Kf7 35. Na4 Rb1+ 36. Kg2 Bd6 37. Ra7+ Kf6 38. b6 Bb8 39. Ra8 Be5 40. Nc5 Bd6 41. b7 Ke7 42. Rg8 Be5 43. f4 exf3+ 44. Kxf3 Kf7 45. Rc8 Ke7 46. h3 h5 47. Rg8 Kf7 48. Rd8 g5 49. g4 hxg4+ 50. hxg4 Ke7 51. Rg8 fxg4+ 52. Kxg4 Kf7 53. Rc8 Bd6 54. e4 Rg1+ 55. Kf5 g4 56. e5 Rf1+ 57. Ke4 Re1+ 58. Kd5 Rd1+ 59. Nd3 Rxd3+ 60. Kc4 1-0 [Event "Karpov - Korchnoi World Championship Match"] [Site "City of Baguio PHI"] [Date "1978.09.14"] [EventDate "?"] [Round "22"] [Result "1/2-1/2"] [White "Anatoly Karpov"] [Black "Viktor Korchnoi"] [ECO "C07"] [WhiteElo "?"] [BlackElo "?"] [PlyCount "128"] 1. e4 e6 2. d4 d5 3. Nd2 c5 4. exd5 exd5 5. Bb5+ Bd7 6. Qe2+ Be7 7. dxc5 Nf6 8. Nb3 O-O 9. Be3 Re8 10. Nf3 Bxc5 11. Nxc5 Qa5+ 12. Qd2 Qxb5 13. O-O-O b6 14. Nxd7 Nbxd7 15. Kb1 Ne4 16. Qd3 Qxd3 17. Rxd3 Ndf6 18. h3 Nc5 19. Rdd1 Ne6 20. c3 b5 21. Nd4 a6 22. Nc2 a5 23. Rd3 Rab8 24. Rhd1 h6 25. f4 Rbc8 26. g4 d4 27. cxd4 Nd5 28. Rf1 b4 29. Bd2 Re7 30. f5 Ng5 31. Ne3 Nf6 32. d5 Nxh3 33. d6 Rd7 34. Nd5 Nxd5 35. Rxd5 Ra8 36. Be3 Ng5 37. Bb6 Ne4 38. Rfd1 a4 39. R5d4 Re8 40. Rxb4 Rxd6 41. Rxd6 Nxd6 42. Bc7 Re1+ 43. Kc2 Ne8 44. Ba5 a3 45. Rb8 Re7 46. Bb4 Re2+ 47. Kd3 axb2 48. Bd2 Re7 49. a4 Rd7+ 50. Kc2 Kh7 51. Rxb2 h5 52. gxh5 Nd6 53. Ra2 Nxf5 54. a5 Nd4+ 55. Kc3 Nc6 56. a6 Rd5 57. Bf4 Rf5 58. Bd6 Rd5 59. Bg3 Rg5 60. Bf2 Rxh5 61. Kc4 Na5+ 62. Kc3 Nc6 63. Ra4 Kg8 64. Kc4 Na5+ 1/2-1/2 [Event "Karpov - Korchnoi World Championship Match"] [Site "City of Baguio PHI"] [Date "1978.09.16"] [EventDate "?"] [Round "23"] [Result "1/2-1/2"] [White "Viktor Korchnoi"] [Black "Anatoly Karpov"] [ECO "D37"] [WhiteElo "?"] [BlackElo "?"] [PlyCount "83"] 1. c4 Nf6 2. Nc3 e6 3. Nf3 d5 4. d4 Be7 5. Bf4 O-O 6. e3 c5 7. dxc5 Bxc5 8. Qc2 Nc6 9. Rd1 Qa5 10. a3 Be7 11. Nd2 e5 12. Bg5 d4 13. Nb3 Qb6 14. Bxf6 Bxf6 15. Nd5 Qd8 16. Bd3 g6 17. exd4 Nxd4 18. Nxd4 exd4 19. Nxf6+ Qxf6 20. O-O Be6 21. Rfe1 Rac8 22. b3 Rfd8 23. Be4 Rc7 24. Qd2 Bg4 25. f3 Be6 26. a4 b6 27. a5 b5 28. cxb5 Bxb3 29. Rb1 Bd5 30. b6 axb6 31. Rxb6 Rc6 32. Rxc6 Bxc6 33. Bd3 Bd7 34. a6 Bf5 35. Qf4 Kg7 36. Bxf5 Qxf5 37. Qxf5 gxf5 38. Ra1 d3 39. Kf2 Re8 40. Ra2 Re7 41. Rd2 Re6 42. a7 1/2-1/2 [Event "Karpov - Korchnoi World Championship Match"] [Site "City of Baguio PHI"] [Date "1978.09.19"] [EventDate "?"] [Round "24"] [Result "1/2-1/2"] [White "Anatoly Karpov"] [Black "Viktor Korchnoi"] [ECO "C83"] [WhiteElo "?"] [BlackElo "?"] [PlyCount "90"] 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Nxe4 6. d4 b5 7. Bb3 d5 8. dxe5 Be6 9. c3 Be7 10. Bc2 Nc5 11. h3 O-O 12. Re1 Qd7 13. Nd4 Nxd4 14. cxd4 Nb7 15. Nd2 c5 16. dxc5 Nxc5 17. Nf3 Bf5 18. Be3 Rac8 19. Rc1 Bxc2 20. Rxc2 Ne6 21. Rd2 Rfd8 22. Qb3 Rc4 23. Red1 Qb7 24. a3 g6 25. Qa2 a5 26. b3 Rc3 27. a4 bxa4 28. bxa4 Rc4 29. Rd3 Kg7 30. Qd2 Rxa4 31. Bh6+ Kg8 32. Rxd5 Rxd5 33. Qxd5 Qxd5 34. Rxd5 Bf8 35. Bxf8 Kxf8 36. g3 Ke7 37. Rb5 Nc7 38. Rc5 Ne6 39. Rb5 Nd8 40. Kg2 h6 41. Nd2 Ra1 42. Nc4 Nc6 43. Rc5 Kd7 44. Nb6+ Kc7 45. Nc8 Kxc8 1/2-1/2 [Event "Karpov - Korchnoi World Championship Match"] [Site "City of Baguio PHI"] [Date "1978.09.23"] [EventDate "?"] [Round "25"] [Result "1/2-1/2"] [White "Viktor Korchnoi"] [Black "Anatoly Karpov"] [ECO "A22"] [WhiteElo "?"] [BlackElo "?"] [PlyCount "160"] 1. c4 Nf6 2. Nc3 e5 3. g3 Bb4 4. Qb3 Nc6 5. Nd5 Bc5 6. e3 O-O 7. Bg2 Nxd5 8. cxd5 Ne7 9. Ne2 d6 10. O-O c6 11. d4 exd4 12. exd4 Bb6 13. Bg5 Bd7 14. a4 h6 15. Bxe7 Qxe7 16. Bf3 Rab8 17. a5 Bc7 18. Qc3 Rfc8 19. Nf4 Bd8 20. Rfe1 Qf8 21. Qb3 Bg5 22. Ne2 Bf6 23. Rad1 c5 24. Be4 Qd8 25. Qa2 Bg4 26. dxc5 Rxc5 27. b4 Rc7 28. Qb3 Rbc8 29. f3 Bd7 30. Qe3 a6 31. Bd3 Bb2 32. Kg2 Qf6 33. Rb1 Ba4 34. Nf4 g6 35. Re2 Bc1 36. Qe4 Kf8 37. b5 axb5 38. Qb4 Rc5 39. Rxc1 Rxc1 40. Nxg6+ Kg7 41. Ne7 R8c4 42. Bxc4 Rxc4 43. Qxd6 Rc3 44. f4 Qxd6 45. Nf5+ Kg6 46. Nxd6 Bb3 47. f5+ Kg7 48. Ne8+ Kf8 49. Nf6 Kg7 50. Nh5+ Kf8 51. Nf4 Bc4 52. Re5 Ra3 53. d6 Ra2+ 54. Kf3 Rd2 55. Re7 Rxd6 56. Rxb7 Ra6 57. Rb6 Rxa5 58. Rxh6 b4 59. Rc6 Bb5 60. Rc1 b3 61. Rb1 Bc4 62. Ke4 Ra2 63. Kd4 Rc2 64. Nd3 Bxd3 65. Kxd3 Rxh2 66. Rxb3 Kg7 67. Ke4 Ra2 68. Kf4 Ra4+ 69. Kg5 Ra5 70. g4 Rc5 71. Kh5 Ra5 72. Rf3 Rb5 73. g5 Rb1 74. f6+ Kh7 75. Rh3 Rg1 76. Rh2 Rg3 77. Rh1 Rg2 78. Ra1 Rh2+ 79. Kg4 Kg6 80. Ra8 Rg2+ 1/2-1/2 [Event "Karpov - Korchnoi World Championship Match"] [Site "City of Baguio PHI"] [Date "1978.09.26"] [EventDate "?"] [Round "26"] [Result "1/2-1/2"] [White "Anatoly Karpov"] [Black "Viktor Korchnoi"] [ECO "A21"] [WhiteElo "?"] [BlackElo "?"] [PlyCount "54"] 1. c4 e5 2. Nc3 d6 3. g3 f5 4. Bg2 Nc6 5. d3 Nf6 6. e3 Be7 7. Nge2 O-O 8. O-O Qe8 9. f4 Bd8 10. a3 Rb8 11. b4 Be6 12. Nd5 b5 13. Bb2 bxc4 14. dxc4 e4 15. Nxf6+ Bxf6 16. Bxf6 Rxf6 17. Rc1 a5 18. b5 Nd8 19. Rf2 Nb7 20. Bf1 Nc5 21. Nc3 Bf7 22. Nd5 Bxd5 23. cxd5 Nd3 24. Bxd3 exd3 25. Qxd3 Qxb5 26. Qxb5 Rxb5 27. Rxc7 Rf7 1/2-1/2 [Event "Karpov - Korchnoi World Championship Match"] [Site "City of Baguio PHI"] [Date "1978.09.28"] [EventDate "?"] [Round "27"] [Result "0-1"] [White "Viktor Korchnoi"] [Black "Anatoly Karpov"] [ECO "A29"] [WhiteElo "?"] [BlackElo "?"] [PlyCount "81"] 1. c4 Nf6 2. Nc3 e5 3. Nf3 Nc6 4. g3 Bb4 5. Nd5 Nxd5 6. cxd5 Nd4 7. Nxd4 exd4 8. Qc2 Qe7 9. Bg2 Bc5 10. O-O O-O 11. e3 Bb6 12. a4 dxe3 13. dxe3 a5 14. Bd2 Bc5 15. Bc3 d6 16. Qd2 b6 17. Rfe1 Bd7 18. e4 Rfe8 19. Kh1 c6 20. e5 cxd5 21. Bxd5 Rad8 22. Qf4 Qf8 23. Qf3 dxe5 24. Bxe5 Bg4 25. Qxg4 Rxd5 26. Bc3 Red8 27. Kg2 Bd4 28. Rac1 g6 29. Qe2 Qd6 30. Bxd4 Rxd4 31. Qb5 Rb4 32. Re8+ Kg7 33. Rxd8 Qxd8 34. Qe2 Qd5+ 35. f3 Rxa4 36. Rc2 Rd4 37. Qe3 b5 38. h4 h5 39. Qe2 a4 40. Qe3 b4 41. Rf2 0-1 [Event "Karpov - Korchnoi World Championship Match"] [Site "City of Baguio PHI"] [Date "1978.09.30"] [EventDate "?"] [Round "28"] [Result "0-1"] [White "Anatoly Karpov"] [Black "Viktor Korchnoi"] [ECO "C82"] [WhiteElo "?"] [BlackElo "?"] [PlyCount "121"] 1. e4 e5 2. Nf3 Nc6 3. Bb5 a6 4. Ba4 Nf6 5. O-O Nxe4 6. d4 b5 7. Bb3 d5 8. dxe5 Be6 9. c3 Nc5 10. Bc2 Bg4 11. Re1 Be7 12. Nbd2 Qd7 13. Nb3 Ne6 14. h3 Bh5 15. Bf5 Ncd8 16. Be3 a5 17. Bc5 a4 18. Bxe7 Qxe7 19. Nbd2 c6 20. b4 Ng5 21. Qe2 g6 22. Bg4 Bxg4 23. hxg4 Nde6 24. Qe3 h5 25. Nxg5 Qxg5 26. Qxg5 Nxg5 27. gxh5 Rxh5 28. Nf1 Rh4 29. Rad1 Ke7 30. f3 Ne6 31. Ne3 Rd8 32. Ng4 Ng5 33. Ne3 Ne6 34. Ng4 Ng7 35. Ne3 Nf5 36. Nc2 Rc4 37. Rd3 d4 38. g4 Ng7 39. Nxd4 Ne6 40. Red1 Nxd4 41. cxd4 Rxb4 42. Kf2 c5 43. d5 Rb2+ 44. Kg3 Rxa2 45. Re3 b4 46. e6 Ra3 47. Re2 fxe6 48. Rxe6+ Kf7 49. Rde1 Rd7 50. Rb6 Rd3 51. Ree6 R3xd5 52. Rxg6 a3 53. Rbf6+ Ke7 54. Re6+ Kf8 55. Ref6+ Ke7 56. Re6+ Kd8 57. Ra6 Rb7 58. Rg8+ Kc7 59. Rg7+ Rd7 60. Rg5 b3 61. Rxc5+ 0-1 [Event "Karpov - Korchnoi World Championship Match"] [Site "City of Baguio PHI"] [Date "1978.10.07"] [EventDate "?"] [Round "29"] [Result "1-0"] [White "Viktor Korchnoi"] [Black "Anatoly Karpov"] [ECO "A19"] [WhiteElo "?"] [BlackElo "?"] [PlyCount "157"] 1. c4 Nf6 2. Nc3 e6 3. e4 c5 4. e5 Ng8 5. d4 cxd4 6. Qxd4 Nc6 7. Qe4 d6 8. Nf3 dxe5 9. Nxe5 Nf6 10. Nxc6 Qb6 11. Qf3 bxc6 12. Be2 Bb7 13. O-O c5 14. Qh3 Be7 15. Bf3 O-O 16. b3 Rfd8 17. Be3 Bc6 18. Na4 Qc7 19. Bxc6 Qxc6 20. Rad1 Rac8 21. Qg3 Bd6 22. Qh4 Be7 23. f3 Kf8 24. Qf2 Rxd1 25. Rxd1 Qc7 26. Qg3 Qxg3 27. hxg3 h5 28. Kf2 Ke8 29. Ke2 g6 30. Nc3 a6 31. Na4 Rc6 32. Rh1 Bd6 33. Bf2 Nd7 34. g4 hxg4 35. Rh8+ Ke7 36. fxg4 g5 37. Be3 f6 38. Nc3 Kf7 39. Rh7+ Ke8 40. Ne4 Be7 41. Rh6 Kf7 42. Rh7+ Kf8 43. Rh8+ Kf7 44. Bd2 Nf8 45. Rh1 Kg6 46. Rd1 f5 47. Nf2 Bd6 48. Bc3 Nd7 49. gxf5+ exf5 50. g4 Nb6 51. Kf3 Be7 52. Ba5 Rf6 53. Kg2 fxg4 54. Nxg4 Re6 55. Kf3 Bf6 56. Nxf6 Rxf6+ 57. Kg4 Nc8 58. Bd8 Rf4+ 59. Kg3 Rf5 60. a4 Kf7 61. Rd3 Re5 62. Kg4 Kg6 63. a5 Re4+ 64. Kf3 Rf4+ 65. Ke3 Rh4 66. Rd5 Rh3+ 67. Kd2 Rxb3 68. Rxc5 Rb8 69. Rc6+ Kf5 70. Rxa6 g4 71. Rf6+ Ke4 72. Bc7 Rb2+ 73. Kc3 Rb7 74. Bh2 Rh7 75. Bb8 Rb7 76. Bg3 Rb1 77. Rf4+ Ke3 78. Rf8 Ne7 79. a6 1-0 [Event "Karpov - Korchnoi World Championship Match"] [Site "City of Baguio PHI"] [Date "1978.10.10"] [EventDate "?"] [Round "30"] [Result "1/2-1/2"] [White "Anatoly Karpov"] [Black "Viktor Korchnoi"] [ECO "A16"] [WhiteElo "?"] [BlackElo "?"] [PlyCount "83"] 1. c4 Nf6 2. Nc3 d5 3. cxd5 Nxd5 4. g3 g6 5. Bg2 Nxc3 6. bxc3 Bg7 7. Nf3 O-O 8. O-O c5 9. Rb1 Nc6 10. Qa4 Na5 11. d3 b6 12. Qh4 Bb7 13. Bh6 Bxh6 14. Qxh6 Bxf3 15. Bxf3 Rc8 16. Bg2 Qd7 17. Rbe1 b5 18. Rb1 Rb8 19. Qe3 Qd6 20. Rfd1 a6 21. Rd2 Rfc8 22. Rdb2 Nc6 23. Qd2 Ne5 24. Qf4 Nd7 25. Qxd6 exd6 26. Bh3 Rd8 27. a4 bxa4 28. Bxd7 Rxb2 29. Rxb2 Rxd7 30. Ra2 Kf8 31. Rxa4 Ra7 32. Kf1 Ke7 33. Ke1 Kd7 34. Kd2 h5 35. Kc2 Ra8 36. Rf4 Ke6 37. h4 Rb8 38. Re4+ Kd7 39. Ra4 Ra8 40. Rf4 Ke6 41. Rc4 Ra7 42. Re4+ 1/2-1/2 [Event "Karpov - Korchnoi World Championship Match"] [Site "City of Baguio PHI"] [Date "1978.10.12"] [EventDate "?"] [Round "31"] [Result "1-0"] [White "Viktor Korchnoi"] [Black "Anatoly Karpov"] [ECO "D35"] [WhiteElo "?"] [BlackElo "?"] [PlyCount "141"] 1. c4 e6 2. Nc3 d5 3. d4 Nf6 4. cxd5 exd5 5. Bg5 Be7 6. e3 O-O 7. Bd3 Nbd7 8. Nf3 Re8 9. Qc2 c6 10. O-O Nf8 11. Bxf6 Bxf6 12. b4 Bg4 13. Nd2 Rc8 14. Bf5 Bxf5 15. Qxf5 Qd7 16. Qxd7 Nxd7 17. a4 Be7 18. Rfb1 Nf6 19. a5 a6 20. Na4 Bf8 21. Nc5 Re7 22. Kf1 Ne8 23. Ke2 Nd6 24. Kd3 Rce8 25. Re1 g6 26. Re2 f6 27. Rae1 Bh6 28. Ndb3 Bf8 29. Nd2 Bh6 30. h3 Kf7 31. g4 Bf8 32. f3 Rd8 33. Ndb3 Nb5 34. Rf1 Bh6 35. f4 Bf8 36. Nd2 Nd6 37. Rfe1 h6 38. Rf1 Rb8 39. Ra1 Rbe8 40. Rae1 Rb8 41. e4 dxe4+ 42. Ndxe4 Nb5 43. Nc3 Rxe2 44. Rxe2 Bxc5 45. bxc5 Rd8 46. Nxb5 axb5 47. f5 gxf5 48. gxf5 Rg8 49. Kc3 Re8 50. Rd2 Re4 51. Kb4 Ke8 52. a6 bxa6 53. Ka5 Kd7 54. Kb6 b4 55. d5 cxd5 56. Rxd5+ Kc8 57. Rd3 a5 58. Rg3 b3 59. Kc6 Kb8 60. Rxb3+ Ka7 61. Rb7+ Ka6 62. Rb6+ Ka7 63. Kb5 a4 64. Rxf6 Rf4 65. Rxh6 a3 66. Ra6+ Kb8 67. Rxa3 Rxf5 68. Rg3 Rf6 69. Rg8+ Kc7 70. Rg7+ Kc8 71. Rh7 1-0 [Event "Karpov - Korchnoi World Championship Match"] [Site "City of Baguio PHI"] [Date "1978.10.17"] [EventDate "?"] [Round "32"] [Result "1-0"] [White "Anatoly Karpov"] [Black "Viktor Korchnoi"] [ECO "B08"] [WhiteElo "?"] [BlackElo "?"] [PlyCount "82"] 1. e4 d6 2. d4 Nf6 3. Nc3 g6 4. Nf3 Bg7 5. Be2 O-O 6. O-O c5 7. d5 Na6 8. Bf4 Nc7 9. a4 b6 10. Re1 Bb7 11. Bc4 Nh5 12. Bg5 Nf6 13. Qd3 a6 14. Rad1 Rb8 15. h3 Nd7 16. Qe3 Ba8 17. Bh6 b5 18. Bxg7 Kxg7 19. Bf1 Nf6 20. axb5 axb5 21. Ne2 Bb7 22. Ng3 Ra8 23. c3 Ra4 24. Bd3 Qa8 25. e5 dxe5 26. Qxe5 Ncxd5 27. Bxb5 Ra7 28. Nh4 Bc8 29. Be2 Be6 30. c4 Nb4 31. Qxc5 Qb8 32. Bf1 Rc8 33. Qg5 Kh8 34. Rd2 Nc6 35. Qh6 Rg8 36. Nf3 Qf8 37. Qe3 Kg7 38. Ng5 Bd7 39. b4 Qa8 40. b5 Na5 41. b6 Rb7 1-0

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